2.3.1.De grote toename van de invoer van HPT’s met aangegeven oorsprong Thailand vormde, in combinatie met de grote toename van de uitvoer van onderdelen voor HPT’s vanuit China naar Thailand, aanleiding voor het Europese antifraudebureau OLAF om in maart 2008 een onderzoek in te stellen. Van 3 tot 13 maart 2008 heeft een afvaardiging van OLAF Thailand bezocht. In het daarvan opgemaakt missierapport van 11 maart 2008 is, voor zover van belang, het volgende opgenomen:
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3.8.4. Calculation of the added value
In respect of the HPT which were assembled by [producent] the following items can be taken into account when calculating the added value in Thailand:
- the value of the framework, which were generally produced by [B],
- the labour costs,
- normal profit,
- general costs borne,
According to documentation presented by [producent], the value of the framework for typical HPT ranges from around USD 36 up to USD 40 (…). However, according to one of the import declaration made by [A], the price of such frameworks bought in China was 25 USD per unit (…). This example indicates that the prices of the parts declared as acquired on the local market from [B] could have been inflated by [producent].
In addition, the prices of lever control bars shown in import documents from China by [A] and those shown by [producent] in invoices for the local supply were compared. According to documentation presented by [producent] in the course of a post-verification (…):
- the price of rollers/wheel frames ranged from 8.352 USD to 10.8652 USD,
- the price of lever control bars was 8.6445 USD,
- the price of extending bars was 1.8204USD.
In fact, the prices shown in the China National invoices for [A] were as follows (…):
- wheel frames/roller from 7.14USD to 9.49 USD (roughly 85% of the value declared later as the local content),
- lever control bar 7.55 USD (roughly 85% of the value declared later as the local content),
- extending bar 1.59 USD (roughly 85% of the value declared later as the local content).
This example also demonstrates that the prices of the parts declared later as acquired on the local market from [B] (but in fact imported by [A]) were manipulated.
According to the documentation presented by [producent] when the company had clarified the post-verification issue of the [J] certificates, the profit ranged from 9 to 22 USD per unit, and overhead costs were 4,3214 USD; ex-works price of complete HPT ranged from 127USD to 134USD.
Taking into account the following:
- the price of the framework - 25 USD,
- medium profit - 15 USD,
- overhead - 5 USD,
The added value ranges from 33% to 35% of the ex-works price. It was, therefore, far below the 45% added value, which was necessary to confer non-preferential Thai origin.
(…)”.
4.1.2.Local content
According to the documentation provided by [producent] to the DFT in support of its [J] applications, certain components (fork, extension bars, lever control bar and rollers) have been supplied by local suppliers (now [B] and previously [BB]). Local materials amount to on average 45% and local added value (overheads and profit) amounts on average to about 20% of the ex works price of the finished HPT.
A visit was made to [B] on 7 March. It was verified that it has the capacity to produce only the metal part of the local content (chassis ie forks and frame, extension bars and lever control bar). However, [B] stated that it does not produce either polyurethane or nylon rollers but that it was dealer in rollers. Despite the huge volume of transactions, [B] was unable to state from where or whom it bought the rollers nor was it able to provide a satisfactory explanation of the total lack of supporting documentation regarding the rollers (no physical stock, no stock account, no purchase invoices etc).
[producent] was also unable to provide any further documentation which would support their claim of local content for the rollers which are generally of polyurethane and occasionally of nylon. According to the company’s own figures on their [J] applications, the rollers represent on average of about 15% of the ex works price of the finished HPT.”
2.3.3.In de bijlage met de titel “Visit report to [producent]” is, voor zover van belang, het volgende opgenomen:
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General
Mr [Y] stated that the reason for setting up [producent] in Thailand was due to a “market opportunity” taken up by [C] on proposal from Chinese investors. (…) The shareholding also had changed recently and Company is virtually 100% owned by the Chinese persons. Mr [Y] stated that one of the persons is from the Chinese hand pallet truck producer [D].
(…) Almost all components are either imported from China (from the state trading company China National which is acting on behalf of [D]) or purchased on local market from [B]. The company has been approved by Thai customs to operate a duty drawback scheme. Under this scheme, they pay import duty on imported components to Thai customs which is then refunded at exportation.
Mr [Y] stated that [B] is an unrelated Thai supplier of forks, lever control bars, extension bar and also of rollers (both single and tandem type rollers and also both nylon and polyurethane rollers).
Tour of premises
(…)
Mr [Y] stated that it is essentially an assembly activity – there are no pressing machines, no paint workshop and no welding carried out in the process. The assembly process consists of the following stages:
1. The pump and wheels (imported from Chinese company [Chinese company]) are assembled together.
2. The forks (thickness and length vary according to model), lever control bar, rollers, extension bar (all supplied by a local supplier [B]) and pump and wheels are all assembled on 3 lines each operated by 2 persons to form a chassis.
3. The handle assembly (imported from Chinese company [Chinese company]) is fixed to the chassis to make a finished hand pallet truck.
4. Testing is carried out – weight test (maximum capacity of HPT+10%), levelling test (to ensure forks are balanced correctly) and dimension test (to ensure specified distances respected).
5. Handle disassembled for packing purposes and individual Carton packing for each chassis and handle and placing on pallet with relevant instructions.
6. 6 pallets each containing 30 HPTs (…) each are loaded on a 20 foot container and they are shipped to the customer. All containers are transhipped to an ocean vessel at Singapore en route to the European customer.”
2.3.4.In de bijlage met de titel “Visit report to [B]” is, voor zover van belang, het volgende opgenomen:
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General
Mr [E] stated that the company had been set up in 2005 in order to provide parts to [producent] which is his only customer. He stated [BB] originally supplied [producent]. [B] subsequently purchased the machinery from [BB] and started production. He also mentioned a third company ([F]). [BB] remains active on the local market. A paint workshop was purchased from a local company (…) and started in June 2007. (…)
Tour of factory
(…)
A fully functioning production activity was seen with cutting, pressing and moulding and welding all taking place. The following was observed:
Rectangular sheet steel being cut to size and holes made in metal
Metal being pressed into shape and moulded to form the shape of a fork
Welding of extension bar and lever control bar and welding of chassis to forks
Forks being cleaned and painted in paint workshop
It was verified by reference to purchase orders that that all forks sizes which are sold by [producent] are produced.
Purchase orders and proof of payment for 2 transactions of forks and related metal products for 2006 and 2007 were provided. The test was satisfactory as all bank payments from [producent] were found to match the amounts indicated on invoices
Mr [E] stated that the company was not a producer of rollers. He said that they had been asked to procure rollers on behalf of [producent] and was therefore acting more as a dealer. (…)
When asked to explain how he obtains the rollers, he said that they periodically ordered from a dealer who would deliver but they did not know the real producer; then they deliver the rollers to [producent] usually without opening the boxes. Subsequently this dealer’s name was given as a “Mr [G]” and a mobile phone number supplied. Mr [H] of the DFT called Mr [G] number. He informed the team that “Mr [G]” said that he would not reveal the source of his supplier, the reason being that he was afraid that [B] would do business directly with the roller supplier and cut him out of the business.
Subsequently, Mr [H] of the DFT informed the team that Mr [G] had called him again and claimed that the rollers were produced by a company in Bangkok ([Bangkok]). As this company was not registered with the Thai authorities, it was not considered useful to pursue this matter.”