3.6.Mevrouw [A] , lid van de Europese Commissie (hierna: de Commissie), heeft bij brief van 18 juli 2022 aan de Staatssecretaris onder meer het volgende meegedeeld over de plannen van de Staat ten aanzien van de voorgenomen concessie:
“(…) Our respective services started discussing these plans in May 2020, immediately after your predecessor announced them and before they were endorsed by the Dutch Parliament.
During our mutual exchanges, we have reiterated our serious concerns about the legality of the award and the excessively broad scope of the concession, having regard to EU law and jurisprudence. (…)
I am concerned that after several meetings and exchanges of formal letters, no substantial progress has been made so far. It has now become clear that your government intends to proceed with the direct award of the Main Rail Network concession as originally planned in a configuration which is quasi identical to the current concession.
I would like to recall once more the nature of our concerns:
1) Scope of the concession
Although Member States have a large margin of discretion in establishing the characteristics, both quantitative and qualitative, of the rail services they wish to see provided to their citizens in the general interest, they must carry out a market analysis to establish which services can be provided commercially, before imposing public service obligations for the remainder. This is a general principle of EU law, from which rail is not exempted, as confirmed by recent jurisprudence.
(…) your government has chosen not to carry out a market analysis. (…) your plan to entrust an all-encompassing concession to NS in the absence of market testing entails a serious risk of breaching EU law.
We understand that the plan is to award the concession to NS before the end of 2023, although operations will only start in January 2025. There is no apparent reason why a direct award decision should be taken more than 12 months ahead of the start of operations, considering that the incumbent can switch seamlessly from the old to the new contract, which is of comparable scope. This would thus rather seem to suggest a possible circumvention of the new 4th Railway Package requirement of competitive award.
We consider that the plans as presented to us entail significant legal risks. (…)
Some complainants have also initiated legal proceedings before Dutch courts. On the basis of the information at the Commission's disposal, we consider that their claims have merit, and will provide our interpretation of EU legislation if requested by a national Court or the European Court of Justice.
Needless to say, if the Main Rail Network concession is found to breach EU law, including State Aid rules, there could be significant legal and financial consequences for the concessionaire, regardless of whether operations under the new concession have already started.
In the light of these considerations, I would urge your government to reconsider its decision, both on the scope and the modalities of award. In particular, I would encourage you to take immediate steps to carry out a market analysis to correctly define the scope of the concession. Given the time frame of your government, in particular the published schedule for PSO requirements and the plans to conclude the formal process, including the Dutch parliament's approval, by the end of this year, the matter is extremely urgent.
I have not lost hope that this important matter can be solved outside formal infringement proceedings, and my services remain at your disposal, subject to your commitment to carry out the required market analysis, in order to ensure compliance of the Dutch Main Rail Network concession with EU law.”