13.2This Agreement can not be modified or changed except in writing and signed by both parties.
(...)”
(iii) Naar aanleiding van een tussen partijen op 28 juni 2007 gevoerd overleg schrijft Interfocos op 25 september 2007 aan Ambifuego per e-mail:
“(...) First of all, we agree on the misunderstandings of both parties, as well on the goals, as on the way we want to achieve it. The idea Ambifuego had on "preventious stock" was not the same as Interfocos saw this in the global idea of the function of an importer for a large part of a country. (...)”.
Vervolgens somt Interfocos de items op die nog niet zijn opgelost.
(iv) Bij e-mail van 29 november 2007bericht Interfocos aan Ambifuego:
“Please arrange a shipment for the end of next week for OR's: (...)”.
Daarin worden vervolgens 15 orders genoemd.
( v) De volgende dag bericht Interfocos aan Ambifuego per e-mail dat slechts drie van die 15 orders geleverd zullen worden en dat de levering van de overige orders wordt uitgesteld:
“I'm really very sorry to inform you that in the shipment of next week will only be: (...) The rest of the orders had to be postponed to a shipment in January. (...)”.
(vi) Bij e-mail van 3 december 2007 reageert Ambifuego op de e-mail van Interfocos van 25 september 2007 onder meer als volgt:
“(...) According to the contract signed on July 7* 2006, the main obligation for Ambifuego is to purchase the total amount of 800.000€ in Barbas en Bellfires products from Interfocos by July 7th 2011. It is also agreed and stipulated that the figure of 350.000€ will be considered and evaluated at the end of 2007.
By November 22nd 2007, Ambifuego has already been invoiced 313.000€ by Interfocos, and still Ambifuego is pending to have products delivered for a value of 54.000€, -what makes a total figure of 367.000€-, as well as the many fires that Ambifuego will be ordering from now until the end of December, which obviously will have to be added up to the 367.000€ previously mentioned in order to make out the definitive final figure of turnover agreed for the end of 2007.
(…)
So, once we have this point clear and after considering all these facts, we honestly wonder what is Interfocos complaining about?
And (...): What is Interfocos doing to help Ambifuego to reach the agreed turnover of purchases?
(…)
As we understand it, the producer – Interfocos – is co-operating in or causing the following failures in the agreement:
1.- Interfocos is taking 50 to 60 days to deliver and supply products to Ambifuego when it should be only 25, 35 or 45 days to do so, depending on the type of product ordered.
(…)
6.- Interfocos has decided to allow LEIRO to keep on distributing their products in Cataluña (Spain), even though the agreement between Interfocos and Ambifuego explicitly says that Leiro will be absorbed by the dealer-network of Ambifuego (together with some other companies) by the end of 2007.”.
(vii) Bij e-mail van 9 januari 2008 schrijft Interfocos in reactie op de e-mail van 3 december 2007 als volgt:
“As a matter of fact we do not agree with a lot of points that you pretend and stipulate in your letter. (...)
1. That the delivery-times are longer than we hoped is an issue we discussed so many times in all our meetings, especially when we see your role as importer on special conditions and discounts to stock our goods. Ambifuego never did respect this clause of he contract (...)
(..)
8. Interfocos does not agree with the way things are going and therefore will not accept Ambifuego to take over the existing dealer network of Interfocos from the beginning of this year. (...)
Second, we have to reconsider also the discounts that are in the contract on the arguments mentioned above. Our comment on the third point, see above: we will not print Spanish brochures in 2008. On the fourth point, everything depends how we want to go on or not with this contract and prices are relied to that.
9. In the meanwhile, before a meeting we will continue to deliver you goods on the same conditions as we did till now (...).
10. There is a last but important point and matter: the payments. We do have now approx. 10000€ that passed the terms of payments stipulated in our agreement. The whole amount of 80000€ invoices standing out is quite big and therefore ask you to respect the payments.”.
(viii) Bij brief van 6 februari 2008 bericht de Spaanse advocaat van Ambifuego Interfocos als volgt:
“We (...) contact you (...) with the aim of requiring you to immediately resume supply of such products, given that you have stopped such supply on your own, for no apparent reason, and also to deal immediately with all the outstanding orders, still undelivered until now.
The refusal on your hand, we do not know why, of sending the ordered products is causing serious prejudice to us, not only economically, but it is also damaging our image before our clients, because we cannot currently satisfy the existing demand on such products. (...)
Consequently, we inform you that, in case you keep on with your attitude and you do not proceed according to our requirement, within a period of 20 days, starting from the moment you receive this letter, we will proceed without a further delay, and start all legal and judicial actions that legally corresponds to us (...).
1. - Firstly, we remind you that based on the contract signed by both parties on July the 7th 2006, the company AMBIFUEGO SUR, S.L is from June the 15th 2006 until June the 15th 2011, to all purposes, the Sole Importer Agent of the products BARBAS and BELLFIRES for Spain and the canary and Balearic Islands (...).
According to point d) that appears in page 1 of the contract, from JANUARY the 1st 2008 any other company will not import, sell, distribute or promote the products Barbas and Bellfires, directly from INTERFOCOS BV (...).
2. - Related to the aforesaid, and again according to what is explained in point d) of the contract by means of the present document we require you to inform immediately the companies ALSESA. LEIRO, [betrokkene 2] AND [betrokkene 1] about this situation (...) that had full effects for them from day January the 1s 2008. (...)”.
(ix) Bij fax van 5 maart 2008 antwoordt de advocaat van Interfocos als volgt:
“(...) Interfocos is surprised to learn from your letter that Ambifuego still intents to become the exclusive importer in the Territory, as Ambifuego so far never acted as the exclusive importer in this sense at all. The attitude of Ambifuego is one of a dealer and not one of an importer. (...) Ambifuego only sells and distributes products from its own premises. Since June 2006 Ambifuego did not take any serious effort to expand the existing dealer-network of clients of Interfocos within the Territory, or to commercialize and promote the Products in the Territory. (...)”.
( x) Bij fax van 7 maart 2008 bericht de advocaat van Ambifuego aan de advocaat van Interfocos:
“(...) As mentioned, in our previous writing (...) we formally requested from your client to immediately resume the supply of BARBAS & BELLFIRES products, which your client has stopped unilaterally and without any grounds, and to deal immediately with all the pending orders, existing on 6th February 2008, and still undelivered today 7th March 2008. (...)
Moreover, hereby we inform you that, momentarily, we are proceeding to retain temporarily all the pending payments to your client, as compensation for the arbitrary and unjustified unilateral break in the supply of products (...)”.
(xi) Bij fax van 14 maart 2008 bericht de advocaat van Interfocos aan de advocaat van Ambifuego:
“(...) At his moment Interfocos is able to deliver the ordered Products to Ambifuego. However, under the current circumstances, and in particular the threat of your client not to pay, Interfocos will only deliver the mentioned Products to Ambifuego under the security of payment in advance. (...)
At this moment Ambifuego has already exceeded the payment period of 90 days for an amount of € 10,22 on 7 March 2008, an amount of € 14.910,01 on 11 March 2008 and an amount of €24.685,53 on 14 March 2008. Please note that this contains a material breach in the sense of Article 5.1 Agreement (...)”.
(xii) Bij brief van 4 april 2008 heeft Interfocos de overeenkomst met ingang van 19 mei 2008 opgezegd:
“With this letter Interfocos B.V. (...) hereby terminates the import and exclusivity agreement (...) with Ambifuego Sur SL (...) of 7 July 2006 unilaterally pursuant to Article 5.1, because of breach of Agreement 2006 by Ambifuego.
Ambifuego breaches its obligations under Article 3.4 of Agreement 2006. At this moment, for several invoices the payment period has been expired. Ambifuego had already exceeded the payment period of 90 days for a total amount of €39.605,76. This is a material breach in the sense of Article 5.1 of Agreement 2006. (...)”.
(xiii) Bij brief van 8 augustus 2008 heeft Interfocos, voor zover vereist, de overeenkomst ontbonden wegens diverse gestelde tekortkomingen in de nakoming van de overeenkomst.
3.2.1Interfocos heeft in dit geding, naast diverse verklaringen voor recht, betaling gevorderd van een aantal facturen. Ambifuego heeft zich beroepen op opschorting en in reconventie nakoming en schadevergoeding gevorderd. De rechtbank heeft de conventionele vorderingen afgewezen en in reconventie de vorderingen goeddeels toegewezen. Het hof heeft een tussenarrest, gelastende een comparitie van partijen, en een eindarrest gewezen.
3.2.2Het hof heeft in zijn eindarrest overwogen dat het geschil zich toespitst op de vraag of Ambifuego gerechtigd was de betaling van de haar gezonden facturen op te schorten om de reden dat Interfocos door Ambifuego bestelde producten niet meer kon of wilde leveren (rov. 7.6). Vervolgens overwoog het hof dat Interfocos op 29 november 2007 bij e-mail heeft bevestigd dat de bestellingen ter waarde van € 30.271,35 zouden worden geleverd, doch dat Interfocos bij e-mail van 30 november 2007 die leveringsbevestiging weer (grotendeels) heeft ingetrokken. Hieruit blijkt dat de wijziging van het logistiek proces of wijzigingen van de bestellingen van Ambifuego, anders dan Interfocos stelt, niet de oorzaak of aanleiding waren voor het feit dat Interfocos niet meer kon of wilde leveren, althans dat Interfocos die omstandigheden destijds niet als reden daarvoor heeft opgegeven. Hetzelfde geldt voor de overige door Interfocos gestelde tekortkomingen door Ambifuego. Interfocos heeft daarentegen de betalingsachterstand aan de weigering tot levering ten grondslag gelegd. (rov. 7.6.2 en rov. 7.7.1) Ook het argument dat de leveringstermijnen slechts indicatief waren en dat daarom Ambifuego geen opeisbare vordering terzake had, gaat niet op nu de bestelde producten al gereed stonden en Interfocos op grond van art. 7.1.a van de overeenkomst gehouden was “promptly” te leveren. Ambifuego kon uit de mededeling of handeling van 30 november 2007 afleiden dat Interfocos in de nakoming van haar verplichting tot tijdige levering zou tekortschieten, waarmee het verzuim van Interfocos (zonder ingebrekestelling) is ingetreden. (rov. 7.6.3 en (deels) 7.10.2) Subsidiair heeft Interfocos aangevoerd dat Ambifuego als eerste is tekortgeschoten in de nakoming van de overeenkomst. Voorts heeft Interfocos haar vordering gebaseerd op de stelling dat Ambifuego eerst in maart 2008 in verzuim was. Beide argumenten gaan niet op nu Interfocos reeds op 30 november 2007, ondanks de eerdere leveringsbevestiging, de leveringen heeft stopgezet. (rov. 7.6.4)