7.5.In hun beroepsgronden hebben eiseressen gewezen op diverse landenrapporten. Uit deze rapporten blijkt het volgende. Ongetrouwde Yezidi meisjes die in handen van IS vallen worden op grote schaal als (seks)slavinnen verhandeld als ze zich weigeren te bekeren en als bruid aan IS strijders gegeven als ze zich bekeren. Zo luidt een nieuwsbericht van de Verenigde Naties van 13 augustus 2014 (UN News Service, ‘Barbaric’ sexual violence perpetrated by Islamic State militants in Iraq – UN, 13 August 2014, available at: http://www.refworld.org/docid/53flbba24.html) als volgt:
“
Two senior United Nations officials today condemned in the strongest terms the ‘barbaric acts’ of sexual violence and ‘savage rapes’ the armed group Islamic State (IS) has perpetrated on minorities in areas under its control.
In a joint statement from Baghdad, the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence (SRSG) in Conflict, Zainab Hawa Bangura and the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Iraq, Nickolay Mladenov urged the immediate protection of civilians.
‘We are gravely concerned by continued reports of acts of violence, including sexual violence against women and teenage girls and boys belonging to Iraqi minorities,’ Ms Bangura and Mr Mladenov said.
‘Atrocious accounts of abduction and detention of Yazidi, Christian, as well as Turkomen and Shabak women, girls and boys, and reports of savage rapes, are reaching us in an alarming manner’, Ms Bangura and Mr Mladenov stated, pointing out that some 1,500 Yazidi and Christian persons may have been forced into sexual slavery.
The officials condemned, in the strongest terms, the explicit targeting of women and children and the barbaric acts IS has perpetrated on minorities. Acts of sexual violence are grave human rights violations that can be considered as war crimes and crimes against humanity, they warned.”
Ook uit een rapport van Human Rights Watch van 12 oktober 2014 (
Iraq: Forced Marriage, conversion for Yezidis) blijkt dat IS jonge Yezidi vrouwen als slaaf houdt. Deze jonge vrouwen en meisjes worden als bruiden verkocht en verkracht. Ditzelfde beeld komt naar voren uit het rapport van de United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (UNAMI) en de Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) ‘Report on the Protection of Civilians in the Armed Conflict in Iraq: 6 July – 10 September 2014 (te vinden op www.uniraq.org). In dit rapport staat onder meer vermeld:
“p. 12
Attacks against Yezidi
The Yezidi community continues to be systematically targeted by ISIL and subjected to gross human rights abuses. ISIL regards the Yezidi as kufara (non-believers) to whom they give the option of conversion or death.
[…] Beginning of August, entire communities of civilians from ethnic and religious groups began to flee from areas seized by ISIL including, Sinjar District, as well as Zummar and Rabeea’a sub-districts in Tal Afar. Tens of thousands of Yezidi, but also members of Shi’a Turkmen, Shi’a Shabak and Christians fled their homes, mainly towards the Sinjar mountainous area (Jabal Sinjar) in north Sinjar in al-Qahdissiya sub-district. […]
p. 13
UNAMI/OHCHR received numerous reports that on 2 and 3 August, serious and systematic abuses occurred against Yezidi civilians by ISIL and associated armed groups. […]
p. 14
UNAMI/OHCHR interviewed displaced Yezidi and Christians who reported events that had taken place between 3 and 6 August. Several of those interviewed recounted witnessing mass killings committed by ISIL […].
p. 15
During the reporting period, UNAMI/OHCHR received reports of rape and sexual assaults against women and children committed by ISIL. On 2 August, the Yezidi village of Maturat, southern Sinjar, witnessed abductions of women who were taken by ISIL fighters to Badoush Prison in Mosul. On 3 August, ISIL herded approximately 450-500 women and girls to the citadel of Tal Afar in Ninewa where, two days later, 150 unmarried girls and women, predominantly from the Yezidi and Christian communities, were reportedly transported to Syria, either to be given to ISIL fighters as a reward or to be sold as sex slaves (‘malak yamiin’). Victims reported being transferred to Badouch Prison, or transferred to Syria.
By the end of August, local sources informed UNAMI that ISIL had abducted up to 2,500 civilians, predominantly women and children, but also some men from Sinjar, Tal Afar, the Ninewa Plains and Shirkhan. These people were being held in the former Badoush prison outside Mosul, and at a number of sites within Mosul city and Tal Afar, and other locations. A number of men and women who managed to contact UNAMI/OHCHR from where they were being detained stated that teenage children (both males and females) were being sexually assaulted by ISIL fighters. They also stated that ISIL was taking groups of children away on a daily basis to unknown locations. They also recounted how women and children who refused to convert were being allotted to ISIL fighters or were being trafficked as slaves (‘malak yamiin’) in markets in Mosul and to Raqqa in Syria. Married women who converted were told by ISIL that their previous marriages were not recognised in Islamic law and that they, as well as unmarried women who converted, would be given to ISIL fighters as wives. Men who converted with their wives were told they would be transported to new locations where their conversion would be monitored.
UNAMI/OHCHR was contacted by an adolescent Yezidi girl who had been abducted by ISIL when they attacked her village on 3 August. She stated that ISIL took hundreds of women who had not been able to flee to Jabal Sinjar. ISIL first held them in Si Basha Khidri (al-Jazira compound), and then transferred them to Ba’aj. The girl stated that she was raped several times by several ISIL fighters before she was sold in a market.
UNAMI/OHCHR received a number of reports that an office for the sale of abducted women was opened in the al-Quds area of Mosul city. Women and girls are brought with price tags for the buyers to choose and negotiate the sale. The buyers were said to be mostly youth from the local communities. Apparently, ISIL was ‘selling’ these Yezidi women to the youth as a means of inducing them to join their ranks.”