Conclusie
Ten aanzien van het verweer
Cantoni v. France, 15 November 1996, § 29,
Reports of Judgments and Decisions1996‑V;
Coëme and Others v. Belgium, cited above, § 145; and
E.K. v. Turkey, no. 28496/95, § 51, 7 February 2002). These qualitative requirements must be satisfied as regards both the definition of an offence and the penalty the offence in question carries (see
Achour v. France[GC], cited above, § 41). An individual must know from the wording of the relevant provision and, if need be, with the assistance of the courts’ interpretation of it, what acts and omissions will make him criminally liable and what penalty will be imposed for the act and/or omission committed (see, among other authorities,
Cantoni v. France, cited above, § 29). Furthermore, a law may still satisfy the requirement of “foreseeability” where the person concerned has to take appropriate legal advice to assess, to a degree that is reasonable in the circumstances, the consequences which a given action may entail (see, among other authorities,
Cantoni v. France,cited above, § 35; and
Achour v. France[GC], cited above, § 54).
mutatis mutandis, The Sunday Times
v. the United Kingdom (no. 1), cited above, § 49; and
Kokkinakis v. Greece,cited above, § 40). The role of adjudication vested in the courts is precisely to dissipate such interpretational doubts as remain (see,
mutatis mutandis,
Cantoni v. France, cited above)
."