5.1.Letse detentieomstandigheden
De rechtbank heeft in haar tussenuitspraak van 3 augustus 2023 op basis van het CPT-rapport betreffende Letland dat is uitgebracht naar aanleiding van het bezoek van het CPT van 10 tot 20 mei 2022, geoordeeld dat met betrekking tot alle detentie-instellingen in Letland voor gedetineerden een algemeen reëel gevaar van een onmenselijke of vernederende behandeling bestaat in de zin van artikel 4 Handvest van de grondrechten van de Europese Unie (hierna: Handvest). De probleempunten zoals door het CPT geconstateerd, betroffen: het geweld onder gedetineerden, de materiële detentieomstandigheden – waaronder begrepen de slechte hygiëne – en de ontoereikende gezondheidszorg in de detentie-instellingen. De rechtbank heeft de behandeling van de zaak aangehouden om aan de Letse autoriteiten te vragen of er zwaarwegende en op feiten berustende gronden bestaan om aan te nemen dat de opgeëiste persoon in deze zaak na zijn overlevering aan Letland een reëel gevaar zal lopen te worden onderworpen aan het vastgestelde algemene reële gevaar. De rechtbank heeft de Letse autoriteiten daarom verzocht om de volgende vragen te beantwoorden:
1a. In welke detentie-instelling zal de opgeëiste persoon indien zijn overlevering wordt toegestaan, naar alle waarschijnlijkheid worden geplaatst?
1b. Hoeveel individuele celruimte zal hem (in een meerpersoonscel of in een eenpersoonscel) ter beschikking staan? Is dit in- of exclusief de sanitaire ruimten?
1c. Wat zijn de overige detentieomstandigheden voor de opgeëiste persoon in het licht van het hiervoor benoemde algemene reële gevaar van een onmenselijke of vernederende behandeling zoals bedoeld in artikel 4 Handvest? Welke concrete maatregelen zullen worden genomen om te voorkomen dat de opgeëiste persoon feitelijk wordt blootgesteld aan interprisoner violence en wordt onderworpen aan de hierboven vermelde - door het CPT als probleempunten aangemerkte - omstandigheden?
In de aanvullende informatie van 9 augustus 2023 van de Letse autoriteiten (Prison Administration) is hierop ten behoeve van de opgeëiste persoon het volgende antwoord gekomen:
“(…) [opgeëiste persoon] , after his extradition, will be placed in the Riga Central Prison (…).
The State's obligation derives from the above legal provisions to ensure that prisoners serve their sentence in conditions in which violence and inhuman treatment, which is or may be directed against them by other prisoners, is not tolerated.(…)
As regards the request to provide information about the conditions of imprisonment, the Administration provides the following information:
The Administration guarantees that a person is accommodated according to the standards specified in the Recommendation Rec(2006) of the Committee of Ministers to Member States on the European Prison Rules (hereinafter referred to as - the European Prison Rules) in premises suitable for such purpose, i.e., both in single cells and shared cells each prisoner has a living space which is at least four square meters, including an area for furniture, but not including an area for sanitary facilities.
(…)
On the basis of the aforementioned, the Administration guarantees that the prisoner will be provided with his own bed and clean bedding, including: a clean mattress and blanket.
The Administration guarantees that the person will be provided with the access to a separated closet and sink during the day and night. Namely, the prison room will be equipped with personal, separated closet, which will be separated from the rest of the prison room with a spatial partition or a visual harrier, or the lavatory (with cabins) will be accessible during the day and night. (…)
The Administration guarantees that prison rooms are equipped with windows ensuring natural light. In addition, all rooms are equipped with artificial light. (…)
(…)
The Administration guarantees that ventilation of accommodated rooms of prisoners is ensured in several ways (…)
The Administration guarantees that during cold months the prison cells are heated, if necessary. Based on the changes in air temperature outside, the heating of rooms shall be started in autumn and finished in spring. In the accommodated rooms where prisoners are staying, the air temperature is ensured not falling below + l 8°C. When the air temperature outside falls or rises, the heating of the building is started and finished on the basis of the order by the head of the prison.
The Administration guarantees that to meet the sanitary and epidemiological requirements in prisons according to the Cabinet Regulation No 618 of 6 July 2010 "Regulations on Disinfection, Disinsectization and Deratization Regulations" and to prevent the spread of rodents and insects, the prison administration together with certified merchants take disincestization measures (prevention of bed bugs, lice, fleas, cockroaches) of premises on a regular basis, as well as take soft inventory disinfection measures (heat treatment).
The Administration guarantees that in cases when an increased level of air humidity is detected in a room, prisoners are moved to another accommodation. The room shall not be used for prisoner accommodation until the reasons of humidity are detected and prevented.
According to the requirements of Rules 19.5 and 19.6 of the European Prison Rules, for prisoners to keep their sleeping accommodation clean and tidy, in prisons they are provided with the necessary equipment and means for cleaning the accommodation and sanitary facilities therein. All common areas are cleaned daily.”
De rechtbank heeft vervolgens het onderzoek in deze zaak aangehouden om aan de uitvaardigende justitiële autoriteit nogmaals nadere vragen voor te leggen over de detentieomstandigheden, te weten:
- Gelden
- Welke concrete maatregelen (zullen) worden genomen om te voorkomen dat de opgeëiste persoon feitelijk wordt blootgesteld aan “interprisoner violence"?
- Welke concrete maatregelen worden in
In de aanvullende informatie van 2 oktober 2023 van de Letse autoriteiten (Prison Administration) is hierop ten behoeve van de opgeëiste persoon het volgende antwoord gekomen:
“(…)
The Administration confirms that all guarantees provided by the Administration in the letter (…) dated 9 August 2023, also apply to (..) the Riga Central Prison, where [opgeëiste persoon] will be placed after his surrender.
As regards the question in the request - "Which concrete measures have been (will be) taken in order to prevent that [opgeëiste persoon] wilt actually be exposed to "interprisoner violence "? - please be advised as follows.
In prisons, the information about alleged violence between prisoners is registered irrespective of a complaint filed by a prisoner, i.e., representatives of the prison administration, when stating that violence has likely occurred between prisoners, for example, detecting any bodily injuries, shall inform in writing the prison management by preparing an official report which shall be registered in "Log for Incident Recording". The material about any alleged violence between prisoners shall be transferred for examination to an investigator in cooperation with officials of the Security Unit in the prison, if necessary. During the examination of the material, departmental examinations shall be performed after the completion of which a decision shall be made on any further action. Basically, the cases about violence against prisoners are examined under the procedures set out in the Criminal Procedure Law, as the result of which an investigator shall make a decision on initiation of a criminal case or refusal to initiate a criminal case.
When stating that the criminal offence bas been committed and it has obvious consequences, and in the event when it is necessary to apply measures and methods of the criminal proceedings for detecting the commission of a criminal offence,a criminal case shall be initiated without any delay.
Investigators are procedurally independent persons and subordinated directly to the Head of the Administration.
The validity and legality of decisions made shall be verified and agreed with a respective supervising prosecution office. A decision made by an investigator may be appealed to the supervising prosecution office (by territorial jurisdiction), while a decision made by a prosecutor may be appealed by a prisoner to a higher-ranking prosecutor.
Cases related to the violence against prisoners by employees of the places of imprisonment shall be transferred for examination to the competent Internal Security Bureau according to Section 4(2) of the Law on Internal Security Bureau.
Further, pleased be advised that in cases when during the conflict between prisoners some physical force is used, but no bodily injuries are detected or they are insignificant (scratches, abrasions, small hematoma), the administration of the place of imprisonment shall sanction prisoners (arrested or convicted) under disciplinary procedures.
Convicted persons have the right to refer to the prison administration and to the Administration, i.e., according to Section 50(2) of the Latvian Sentence Execution Code (hereinafter referred to as - the Code), submissions of a convicted person for matters related to the circumstances for the execution of the custodial sentence shall be examined by the head of a prison in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Law on Submissions. Submissions of a convicted person by which an administrative act issued by and an actual act of the administration of the prison are contested shall be examined by the head of the Latvian Prison Administration in accordance with the procedures laid down in the Administrative Procedure Law.
And, according to Section 387(5) of the Criminal Procedure Law, officials authorised by the Latvian Prison Administration shall investigate criminal offences committed by detained or convicted persons, or by employees of the Latvian Prison Administration in places of imprisonment. It means that if there is information at disposal of prisoners about alleged commission of a criminal offence, a prisoner has the right to refer to the Administration with a request to assess whether the criminal case shall be initiated.
In case of danger, a person shall immediately moved to another cell, but if such danger is substantial, then the person may be moved to another prison.
As regards the question in the request - "Which concrete measures have been (will be) taken in the Riga Central Prison in order to overcome the shortage of medical staff?" - please be advised as follows.
(…) According to the requirements of the Regulation No 276, out-patient health care to prisons is provided by ambulatory units of the Latvian Prison Hospital - Medical unit of each prison, but in-patient health care is provided by the Latvian Prison Hospital. If it is not possible to provide respective health care to prisoners in Medical Unit or Latvian Prison Hospital, health care is provided by medical institutions outside prison according to medical indications.
Health care services in prisons shall be provided by State budget means, except for planned dental services which shall be paid at the expense of prisoners.
Currently, the Riga Central Prison has sufficient medical personnel resources to ensure the health care of prisoners according with statutory requirements.
Taking into consideration that the internal security of the country is also one of the priorities of the current government, the Administration is confident that it can and will be able to provide health care for prisoners in the scope and quality determined by the current legislation.”
De raadsman heeft zich op het standpunt gesteld dat laatstgenoemde garantie afdoende is, maar dat volgens de opgeëiste persoon aan het waarheidsgehalte daarvan moet worden getwijfeld.
De officier van justitie heeft zich op het standpunt gesteld dat de detentiegaranties die ten behoeve van de opgeëiste persoon zijn verstrekt afdoende zijn, en dat wegens het vertrouwensbeginsel op de juistheid daarvan moet worden vertrouwd.
De rechtbank overweegt als volgt.
Op grond van de hiervoor geciteerde detentiegaranties die ten behoeve van de opgeëiste persoon zijn verstrekt stelt de rechtbank vast dat de opgeëiste persoon naar alle waarschijnlijkheid zal worden geplaatst in
the Riga Central Prison.De opgeëiste persoon zal hier een individuele celruimte van ten minste 4 m2 ter beschikking staan in een meerpersoonscel, exclusief de sanitaire ruimten. Ten aanzien van het geweld tussen gevangenen is in voornoemd CPT-rapport onder punt 71 reeds opgenomen dat “
such allegations were received from prisoners accommodated across different units within all the prisons visited, but to a much lesser extent at Rīga Central Prison, where the level of inter-prisoner violence seems to have decreased, which is to be commended”.
Hoewel in
the Riga Central Prisonhet geweld tussen gedetineerden dus reeds in mindere mate aanwezig is, zijn in de detentiegarantie van 2 oktober 2023 bovendien concrete procedures en maatregelen opgenomen om
interprisoner violencetegen te gaan. De rechtbank stelt verder vast dat uit de detentiegarantie van 2 oktober 2023 volgt dat er voldoende medisch personeel is in
the Riga Central Prison.
Aan de hand van een globale beoordeling van alle gegevens waarover zij beschikt, gaat de
rechtbank uit van de geboden zekerheid in voorgaande garanties.Op grond van het vertrouwensbeginsel gaat de rechtbank bovendien uit van de juistheid van de informatie in de verstrekte detentiegaranties. De rechtbank is daarom van oordeel dat het vastgestelde algemene reële gevaar van onmenselijke of vernederende detentieomstandigheden hiermee voor de opgeëiste persoon is weggenomen. Het algemene gevaar dat de rechtbank heeft aangenomen, wordt door deze individuele garanties namelijk uitgesloten ten aanzien van de opgeëiste persoon nu hij zal worden geplaatst in een instelling op een wijze die in overeenstemming is met de fundamentele rechten en in het bijzonder relevante internationale standaarden (o.a. CPT standaarden).